Journal: Molecular cancer
This publication reviews the complex role of PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on its regulation, interaction with the immune system, and mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapies.
Despite the promise of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments, their limited efficacy highlights the need to understand and overcome resistance.
The review discusses emerging strategies, including:
- Combination therapies
- Tumor microenvironment modulation
- Neoantigen targeting
- Dynamic biomarker monitoring using advanced technologies such as high-resolution imaging, machine learning, multi-omics, and liquid biopsy
It also covers ongoing clinical trials combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Targeted agents
- CAR-T therapies
- Metabolic immunotherapies
These insights aim to enhance personalized immunotherapy approaches to improve patient outcomes.
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