Multicellular immune ecotypes within solid tumors predict real-world therapeutic benefits with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

This study evaluates the utility of carcinoma ecotypes—patterns capturing cancer-immune interactions—as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy across multiple cancer types.

Using a large cohort of 1,610 patients with gene expression data from a broader dataset of nearly 15,000 individuals, researchers applied EcoTyper immunophenotyping to identify ecotypes associated with survival outcomes.

A melanoma-specific predictive model for ICI response was developed and validated using the phase III ECOG-ACRIN E1609 trial and external datasets.

The findings support the translational potential of ecotype-based biomarkers to guide ICI treatment decisions in real-world clinical settings.