Journal: Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
The publication with DOI 10.1055/a-2701-9312 provides a comprehensive review of recent evidence in lung cancer screening (LCS) from the last five years.
It summarizes outcomes from key randomized controlled trials, including the NELSON trial, which collectively show a 16% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose CT (LDCT) screening compared to controls.
The review covers updates in U.S. clinical guidelines, particularly debates over eligibility criteria such as time since smoking cessation.
It also addresses implementation aspects, including:
- Global practices
- Selection criteria
- Program structure
- Shared decision making
- Smoking cessation integration
- Screening uptake
- Lung-RADS
- Adherence to annual screening
- Management of screen-detected and incidental findings
- Disparities in screening
Finally, the article discusses emerging personalized screening approaches using risk models, biomarkers, and artificial intelligence, emphasizing the need for ongoing evaluation as LCS expands in clinical settings.